Background

The R-M222 branch of the Y-DNA tree is defined by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) called M222. This diagnostic marker is associated with many individuals whose roots lie in the counties of Northwest Ireland, Ulster and Lowland Scotland. The shaded footprint in the map at left shows the area where this profile is most often found. In no county is this pattern the dominant DNA profile, but in some counties (Donegal in NW Ireland, for example) it approaches 20 percent.


The map is intended only to show a population concentration; R-M222 individuals have roots within the oval but are not constrained by it. R-M222 individuals have been found in nearby areas outside the footprint -- in the Western Isles and in Orkney, for example, as well as in the North of England adjacent to the Scottish Border. A very few individuals have been found in Iceland, Norway and Germany.



Geno 2


New downsteam SNPs

PF1169 (Conroy, Byrnes)
PF3292 (Gwinn)
F1265 (MacLennan)
F3952 (Mitchell)
CTS8002 (Grant)

Available for order at FTDNA

CTS8002; PF3292. F1265

Geno 2.0 Results (FTDNA)
PF1169 Cluster
PF1169 Cluster (Phylip charts - 37 markers)
PF1169 Cluster (Phylip charts - 67 markers)
PF1169 Cluster (Spreadsheet)
F1265 Cluster

M222 Project Files

Excel Spreadsheet format (21 Jan. 2013)
Color coded Excel spreadsheet format (10 Jun. 2012)
M222 Work Sheet (67 marker)
M222 Project (Colorized Version
M222 Genetic Distance
M222 Marker Repeat Counts
Phylip/Mega tree
Split Tree View of M222
R-M222 Project (FTDNA)
M222 Project Timelines and Objectives
Sandy Patersons's TMRCA site
M222 SNP Map (FTDNA)
M222 in Scotland (Sykes data)

M222 Clusters

Dohertys and McDevits
Duncans and Ashleys
McLaughlins, Dohertys and O Cathains.
Milligans
Griersons

ASD (Janzen Spreadsheet

M222 TMRCA (Janzen Spreadsheet).
Milligans/Dohertys (Janzen spreadsheet)
Tim Janzen's Variance Calculator

Anatole Klyosov's Analysis

M222 Origins (Klyosov and Conroy)
Anatole's Theories on TMRCA
Article by Anatole (L21, Irish)
DNA Genealogy, Mutation Rates, and Some Historical Evidence Written in Y-Chromosome, Part I: Basic Principles and the Method
Milligans/Dohertys (Anatole's Analysis)
Data - Milligans-Dohertys (Anatole's Analysis)
Not all Scots M222 were Irish First (Susan Hedeen)

Bill Howard's Analysis

Paper on M222 (Howard and McLaughlin)
M222 Philogenetic Tree (William E. Howard)
William E. Howard (article in JOGG, 2009)Part 1
William E. Howard (article in JOGG, 2009)Part 2
RCC FAQ (William E. Howard)



Niall 'of the Nine Hostages'

Descendants of Nial 'of the Nine Hostages'
The Venicnii and Venicones
Venicones
Origin Legend of the Dal Cuinn (Laud 610)
M222 Distribuation in Ireland (Trinity College)
The Connachta Clans
Cenel Conaill Clans
Matching Nial page at FTDNA
Niall 'of the Nine Hostages' and O'Rahilly's Theories
The Story of Tuathal Teachtmar - O'Rahilly

ISOGG Haplogroups

Latest ISOGG Haplogroup Tree (2013)

M222 is now classified on this tree as: R1b1a2a1a1b3a1a1
FTDNA (R1b1a2a1a1b4b)

DNA Studies

Genetic Investigation of the Patrilineal Kinship Structure of Early Medieval Ireland (Trinity)
A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland (Trinity)
Y-chromosomes and the extent of patrilineal ancestry in Irish surnames (Trinity)
The scale and nature of Viking settlement in Ireland from Y-chromosome admixture analysis (Trinity)
The DNA of Somerled (Sykes)

General Interest

Were the Scots Irish? (Campbell)
Scottish Surnames

M222 Email List

M222 Email List
TO JOIN THIS GROUP YOU MUST SEND A JOIN REQUEST FROM YOUR PERSONAL PAGE AT FTDNA. It is not possible to join this group until after you have received your Y-DNA test results. From your personal page click on the blue Join button in the upper part of the page. When the next screen opens up, click on R in the Y-Haplogroup Section. In the next screen, click on R-M222. Then on the next page click on the Join Request button. Please include your FTDNA kit number or your Ysearch record ID so that the Project Administrator has a chance to inspect your haplotype and confirm that you are a probable (or established) member of Haplogroup R1b1c7. See the public website (link above) for further information about the scope of the project. The R1b1c7 project is open to all individuals who have a derived (i.e., positive) test result on the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) called M222. Also welcome are individuals without SNP results whose haplotypes conform to the Northwest Irish Variety of R1b1c.